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Global change processes modify the extent and functions of the transitional zones between wetlands

wetland

An area of land that is periodically saturated with water, which influences the types of plants and animals that can live there. Wetlands include swamps, marshes, bogs, and other similar areas.

Source: A student's guide to Global Climate Change Source

and uplands—terrestrial–aquatic interfaces (TAIs)—in both marine and freshwater ecosystems.

ecosystem

A natural community of plants, animals, and other living organisms and the physical environment in which they live and interact.

Source: A student's guide to Global Climate Change Source

How fluctuating water levels alter groundwater

groundwater

Water that occurs below Earth's surface. When rain falls to the ground, a portion percolates (sinks) into the ground and collects in spaces in the underground rocks.

Source: A student's guide to Global Climate Change Source

biogeochemistry remains to be explored at these TAIs.

Nature is full of interconnected loops. Water travels in a never-ending cycle, going from the ground to the sky and back again. When living things die and decompose, elements such as carbon and nitrogen

nitrogen

Nitrogen, represented by the symbol N and atomic number 7, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that constitutes approximately 78% of Earth's atmosphere. It is vital for all life forms, as it is a fundamental part of amino acids, proteins, and DNA.

Source: Source

are absorbed by Earth’s crust and used to create new life. These systems of nature are closed loops, meaning they are self-sustaining, and they have no beginning or end.

This year the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute (JGI), a DOE Office of Science User Facility, hosted three undergraduates and seven graduate students from UC Merced through their long standing internship program. In just two months, students attended networking workshops, data carpentry hackathons, and made new friends while working on summer projects.

The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility will host a site kickoff meeting to introduce interested parties to its new Bankhead National Forest (BNF) atmospheric observatory, which began operations in early October 2024. During this event, attendees will learn more about the BNF and associated opportunities for science and collaboration.

Five years ago, on September 20, 2019, the German icebreaker R/V Polarstern eased away from a dock in Tromsø, Norway, headed for its rendezvous with an ice floe. This marked the beginning of the epic international Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition, led by Germany’s Alfred Wegener Institute.

Plants around the world are absorbing about 31% more carbon dioxide

carbon dioxide (CO2)

An important heat-trapping gas, also known as a greenhouse gas, that comes from the extraction and burning of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas), from wildfires, and natural processes like volcanic eruptions.

Source: NASA Source

than previously thought, according to a new assessment developed by scientists. The research, detailed in the journal Nature, is expected to improve Earth system simulations that scientists use to predict the future climate, and spotlights the importance of natural carbon sequestration

carbon sequestration

The process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Source: USGS Source

for greenhouse gas mitigation.

Applications are currently being accepted for the Summer 2025 term of two programs offered by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Science: the Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internships (SULI) program and the Visiting Faculty Program (VFP).

Some computing challenges are so big that it’s necessary to go all in. That’s the approach a diverse team of scientists and computing experts led by the Department of Energy’s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, along with colleagues from Microsoft and other national laboratories and universities, are taking to democratize access to emerging cloud computing resources.

Navigating the future of energy: the role of a warming world on arctic resources. As Arctic sea ice thickness continues to decline due to climate change,

climate change

A change in the average conditions — such as temperature and rainfall — in a region over a long period of time.

Source: NASA Climate Kids Source

scientists expect that oil and gas resources in the offshore areas of this region will soon be more economically accessible.

Hydropower

hydropower

One of the oldest and largest sources of renewable energy, which uses the natural flow of moving water to generate electricity

Source: U.S. Department of Energy Source

could expand substantially during the twenty-first century in many regions of the world to meet rising or changing energy demands, from socioeconomic

socioeconomic

A way of describing groups based on their education, income, or job type. Socioeconomic status is usually described as low, medium, and high.

Source: National Cancer Institute Source

development increasing demand for energy to a transition to low-carbon sources of energy.

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) chemist John Shilling, wearing soundproof earmuffs, sits between large scientific instruments on a plane. These instruments measure gas and aerosol

aerosols

Small particles or droplets, such as wildfire smoke, volcanic gases, or salty sea spray, that float in the air. They are emitted by both natural events and human activities.

Source: NASA Global Climate Change Source

particles, and later return to a lab Shilling custom built to study the complex impact of aerosols on clouds.

The Pangeo-Enabled ESM

earth system model (ESM)

A model that simulates how chemistry, biology, and physical forces work together. These models are similar to, but much more comprehensive than, global climate models.

Source: U.S. Department of Energy Source

Pattern Scaling (PEEPS) dataset simplifies and updates the generation of spatial patterns following past efforts to provide an available library of spatial patterns (average global-to-local relationships) of multiple earth system model (ESM) outputs for Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) data.